In economics, various methods of revenue analysis are used, but the factor method occupies a special place. It helps to find out what reasons led to the deviation of the actual values of the indicator from the planned ones, as well as to establish why the dynamics of income changed over the corresponding time interval.
During the course of any enterprise's business activities, a situation may arise when financial receipts are lower than expected, or when an analysis of revenue rates reveals a decline over a certain period. These phenomena require prompt measures from the company's managers, but in order for them to be effective, it is first necessary to find out the reasons that cause the deviation of actual financial indicators from planned ones.
The volume of revenue viber database is calculated as the product of the price of one unit of goods or services and the quantity sold. In relation to factor analysis, these data are first-level factors. Along with them, second-level factors must also be taken into account:
The volume of goods sold is determined by the volume of sales and their structure.
The cost of a unit of goods results from the cost of production and the sales markup.
Thus, when performing factor analysis, the first level revenue analysis indicators are first taken into account, and then, based on the data obtained, the second level.
The result of these activities is the formation of a reasonable assumption about what exactly influenced the volume of revenue or the decrease in its growth rate. These conclusions form the basis for making management decisions.
Impact of first-level factors on revenue
Let's consider how first-level factors can be used when performing this type of analysis of the causes of changes in revenue for the corresponding time interval.
The impact of the volume of products sold is estimated using the formula:
ΔQuantity Factor = (Actual quantity of products sold – Planned quantity of products sold) * Planned selling price per unit of product.
The impact of the cost of one unit of goods is calculated as follows:
Δ Price Factor = (Actual selling price per unit of output – Planned selling price per unit of output) * Actual quantity of output sold.
Thus, at the first stage of factor analysis, the influence of the volume of goods sold and the cost of its unit on the deviation of actual revenue from expected is investigated.
Let's look at a specific example of revenue analysis based on the volume of goods sold:
Actual quantity of goods sold – 70,000 kg – planned sales volume – 100,000 kg * Planned cost of one kilogram of goods is 200 rubles = 2,000,000 rubles.
Impact of unit cost:
Actual selling price per unit of goods (100) – Expected selling price per unit of goods (200) * Actual volume of goods sold (10,000) = - 1,000,000 RUR.
The total impact of both first-level factors on the deviation of sales for the first group of goods is calculated as follows:
2,000,000 – 1,000,000 = 1,000,000 RUB.
Calculations show that the increase in the volume of sales of goods allowed to increase revenue by 2,000,000 rubles. And the decrease in the selling price of 1 kg led to its fall to 1,000,000 rubles.
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