Semiotic reading or semiology is dedicated to the study of sign systems: languages, codes, signs, etc. It studies signs, their structure and the relationship between the signifier and the meaning. Advertising discourse is presented as a mixed semiological structure due to the parity it allows in text and image and the diversity of its components. The signs that advertising uses are diverse, but the most common ones that can be found in advertising messages are the following:
Iconic signifier : Refers to images and sounds, as well as colors and the placement of letters.
Linguistic signifier : It exposes the meaning of the images or sounds that appear in an advertisement. It widely uses resources such as word games, associations, comparisons, etc. Linguistic signifiers include the all mobile company name list in world with country brand (the name by which the product being offered is known) and the slogan (the motto understood as an identifying phrase of an idea in which the unique selling promise and the main differentiating attribute of the product are communicated).
In addition, to achieve brand recall and a product's slogan, visual features such as:
Logo : is the name of the brand written in a specific font, with a specific size, color and shape.
Isotype : is a non-verbal message that sometimes accompanies the logo.
Slogan : is a phrase that generally communicates the main attribute of the product or brand.
According to Roland Barthes' Binary Model, the advertising image consists of two semiological systems:
The denoted image : refers to the explicit content provided by the image. It is a literal reading of the image based on the elements and characters presented.
The connoted image : refers to non-explicit messages that appear in a more analytical reading of the image. It is an interpretation that the reader makes according to his or her perspectives and interpretations.
The two messages, both the denoted and the connoted, go hand in hand. The denoted image is very limited in interpretation and is articulated around the syntagm, while the connoted image only exists based on the interpretation given to it and is organized into symbolic paradigms.
Semiotic reading of advertising elements
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